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12) Distillation is a physical separation based on boiling/boiling point. Boiling is based on CF, London dispersion forces (LDF). Octane has a higher IMF since it a higher molar meaning more electrons so more Instantaneous dipoles. So since IMF is higher, it will take more energy (higher boiling point) so boiling first means lower boiling point (Hexane). 13a) 2.0 mole Cl1- 13b) 1.0 mole Ca2+ 13c) 3.0 mole of ions, since each Ca1Cl2 (called formula unit) is actually made up of 3 ions ratio. 13d) See your notes or class notes on how dissolving ionic compound looks like in solution. 14a) 1.0 mole C1O1 molecules. Since it is a molecular compound it base units, molecules, have all ve<sup>-</sub> being shared to group of atoms stay together as a single base unit. 14b) See your notes class notes on dissolving polar solute in polar solvent. 15) H2O1 is a polar molecule and oil is a hydrocarbon (CxHy) a non-polar molecule. So H2O1 exerts coloumbic force (CF) while oil does not. So H2O1 molecules are interacting with other H2O1 molecule so they will "push oil molecules" around so they will be together. See your figure in your notes or class notes/handouts 16a) unsaturated solution 16b) Saturated solution 16c) No more solute can be dissolved in the solution (since it is saturated) so solute creates a separate layer/phase either above saturated solution below (location of not dissolved is base on density but density has nothing to do that there is solute that be dissolved any more). 17a) Solvent particles have more energy so they each molecule occupies more space so there is more empty space between solvent particles. 17b) With more empty space between solvent particles, you put more solute (dissolve more) in solution (can see that from class note Solubility curve). 17c) With more empty space between solvent particles, more solute particles, that are in gas phase, can "escape" out of the solvent/solution (can see that from class note Solubility curve). |