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The following are the answer for CP Review Homework for Energy Test.
1. Study of the movement of energy.
2. Law of Conservation of Energy = energy can not be created or lost/destroyed.
3a. Flow or movement of Energy.
3b. Energy flows from a higher temperature substance to lower temperature substance until the temperature of the substances are equal.
4a. Condition for no energy called Absolute zero.
4b. Absolute zero requires a perfect crystal, a substance with just one particle type (so you have no Entropy) , and 0K (no Enthalpy).
5. Temperature is the average Kinetic Energy of all the particles in a substance. (Know this verbatim or word for word for test)
6. Heat/energy is the total energy of a system whereas the temperature is the average kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance.
7. Calories (cal) and Joules (J). 4.18 J = 1 cal
8. Basis of the scale. Relative temperature scale is based on the freezing and boiling point of water which can change in the universe. The absolute temperature scale is based on Absolute zero where there is only one set of conditions for it to occur (therefore it can not change).
A degree sign is an indication of Relative Temperature sscale.
9ai. Exo - system release energy
9aii. Endo - system absorbs energy
9b. (Pr) > (Pp), ΔHrxn = "-"
9c. (Pr) < (Pp), ΔHrxn = "+"
10a. Both diagrams are on this pdf with Exothermic reaction on the top and Endothermic reaction on bottom.
11a. Effective Collision
11b. Activation Energy ( Eac) and right 3-D orientation (particles needs to near each other to collide to begin with).
Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy for a one set of reactants to form one set of products.
12. Endothermic process since the water (the system) absorbs energy to go through the phase change.
13a. Equation: ΔHrxn = (m)(ΔT)(c)
13b. ΔHrxn = heat/energy absorbed ("-" sign) or released ("+" sign) by system
13c. m = mass (usually in grams) of system
13d. ΔT = TF - TI where TF = final temperature, TI = initial temperature
13e. c (i.e. cH2O= 1.00 cal / (g-°C) or 4.18 J / (g-°C).
Low values indicate it takes less/little amount of energy for system's temperature to raise a given amount or ΔT.
High values indicate it takes more/larger amount of energy for a system's temperature to raise a given amount or ΔT.