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- A vertical column in the periodic table is called a group or family
- Elements in a group all have similar chemical and physical properties
- The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell
- Going from top to bottom,each element has one more occupied energy level
- Group 1 elements (except hydrogen) are called alkali metals
- Group 2 elements are called alkaline earth metals
- Group 1 & 2 elements very reactive, since they readily lose electrons
- Groups 15 and 16 are the nitrogen family and oxygen family respectively
- Group 17 is called the halogens and are so active that they do not occur naturally
- Elements in group 18 are called the noble gases because they do not react easily sice their valence shells are filled