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Atoms are made of protons, with positive charges, and electrons, with negative charges.  When an atom, usually of a metal, loses an electron, it becomes an '''ion''' with a positive charge.  When an atom of a non-metal gains electrons, it becomes a negative ion.  The charge of the ion is determined for metals by subtracting the number of electrons from the number protons and vice versa for non-metals.

'''Example'''  Sodium (Na) ion with 11 protons and 10 electrons.  The '''net charge''' is thus:
                                                                                               11 protons....11+
                                                                                              -10 electrons..10-                                                                                              ___________________
                                                                                               Net Charge=   +1
                                                                                     Therefore the ion is labled Na<sup>+1</sup>

'''Ionic Compounds''' are formed when ions combine.  They are represented by empirical formulas not molecular formulas.  For example: Sodium Chloride, made up of Na+ ions and Cl- ions, is represented by the empirical formula NaCl.  The '''formula unit'''

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