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'''''Matter''''' refers to all the materials found in nature. It is classified into three groups: #elements #compounds #mixtures ''Any sample of either an element or a compound has the same properties as any other sample of the same element or compound'' *A '''substance''' is a kind of matter, all samples of which have the same properties, or characteristics (these are explained later) <b>Element</b> ##a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical change <b>Compound</b> ##a substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined ##can be broken down by a chemical change ##the elements making up a compound are combined in a definite proportion by mass (ratios) ##the chemical and physical properties of a compound differ from those of its constituents ##compounds can be formed and broken down into simpler substances by chemical change <b>Mixtures</b> ##consists of two or more substances, each of which retains individual properties ##can be formed when: ###an element is mixed with one or more other elements ###a compound is mixed with one or more other compounds ###one or more elements are mixed with one or more compounds ##a mixture retains the properties of each of its constituents (this characteristic helps to separate a mixture into its constituents) ##the composition of a mixture can vary widely and is not fixed as in an element or compound ##mixtures are either ''heterogeneous'' (a sample of matter with <b>different</b> compositions) or ''homogeneous'' (<b>same</b> throughout but can be different for different samples) ''Examples'' *Elements- everything on the Periodic Table, so oxygen, silver, nitrogen *Compounds- sugar, water *Mixtures- Kool - Aid is homogeneous, while chocolate swirl ice cream is heterogeneous<br> <br> <b>Modified 5/05 - Mr. <nowiki>McLeod</nowiki>
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