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<b>Flame Tests:</b><br> <u>Element</u> -<u>Flame Color</u><br> Cu - green<br> Li - red<br> K - violet<br> Sr - scarlet<br> Na - yellow<br> Ca - orange-red<br> Ba - yellow-green<br> Cs - deep violet<br> <u>Ion</u> - <u>Color</u><br> Mn<sup>2+</sup> - pink<br> <nowiki>MnO</nowiki><sub>4</sub><sup>1-</sup> - purple<br> Cr<sup>3+</sup> - dark green<br> <nowiki>CrO</nowiki><sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> - yellow<br> Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2-</sup> - orange<br> Fe<sup>2+</sup> - green<br> Fe<sup>3+</sup> - yellow<br> Co<sup>2+</sup> in H<sub>2</sub>O - pink<br> Co<sup>2+</sup> in acid - blue purple<br> Cu<sup>2+</sup> - blue<br> Cu<sup>1+</sup> - green<br> Ni<sup>2+</sup> - green<br> <u><b>Precipitate Colors (a sampling)</b></u><br> silver chloride - white<br> silver sulfide - black<br> silver oxide - black (commonly called tarnish)<br> lead chloride - white<br> mercury (II) chloride - white<br> lead chromate - yellow<br> mercury (II) oxide - black<br> aluminum hydroxide - white<br> iron (III) thiocyanate - blood red<br> copper(II) hydroxide - thick light blue<br> copper ammonia complex - thick dark blue<br> <u><b>Halogens & Others</b></u><br> Cl<sub>2</sub> gas - greenish yellow<br> I<sub>2</sub> solid - purple<br> <nowiki>NO</nowiki><sub>2</sub> - colorless<br> N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> - brown<br>
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