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1a. polar (arrow above O)
1b. polar (arrow above Cl) (actually ionic, though)
1c. polar (arrow above N)
1d. polar (arrow above Cl)
1e. non-polar
1f. ionic
2)
- N1H3: 8ve-, 3 single bonds, N is central atom with 1 lone pair (LP), Pyramidal (107.0°), sp3
- B1F3: 24ve-, 3 single bonds, B is central atom with no LP, Trigonal planar, 120°, sp2
- N2: 10ve-, 1 triple bond, no central atom, Linear (180°), NA
- C1O2: 16ve-, 2 double bond, C is central atom with 0 LP, Linear (180°), sp
2)
- CCl4, ΔEN =0.5, 4 non-polar bonds, Tetrahedral (sym), NA, non-polar molecule, LDF
- BeCl2, ΔEN =1.5, 2 polar bonds, Linear (sym), Yes, non-polar molecule, LDF
- CS2, ΔEN=0.0, 2 non-polar bonds, Linear (sym), non-polar molecule, LDF
- NF3, ΔEN=1.0, 3 polar bonds, Pyramidal (not sym), polar molecule, dipole-dipole
3) Arrow over the more electronegative atom (or whatever way you memorize the symbol).
4) Ionic ΔEN> or = 1.7
polar bond is 1.7<ΔEN> or = 0.8
non-polar ΔEN<0.8
5) Assume polar prove non-polar
6) Bent
7a. Substance with only 2 atoms
7b. Substance with 3 atoms where central atoms has no lone pairs (LP)
8) Polar means valence electrons are unevenly distributed throughout the bond or molecule (making 2 different regions, region with alot of electron, partially negative area, and region of few valence electron, partially positive area). Non-polar means there are no regions of alot or few valence electrons. Electrons are evenly distributed throughout the bond or molecule.
9) Ionic compounds can not be polar or non-polar since atoms in ionic compounds are now ions (anion took valence electron from other atom, and cation released electroctrons).
10) Pyramidal geometry is NOT symmetrical.