Editing Kinetics Notes 2 - Revised 2009
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<center><b>Kinetics Notes 2 - Revised 2009</b></center><br> <center><b>Effect of Outside Influences on Reaction Rate</b></center><br> As you know the rate of reaction is the same as the amount of product per time. To form a product from reactant, you must have an effective collision (EC) which is a function of two variable; 1)Activation energy (E<sub>AC</sub>) and 2)Correct spacial orientation (at a minimum particles need to be near each other). Therefore,: Increase (inc) rate of reaction = Inc amount of product made per time = Inc EC = (either Inc # of particles with E<sub>AC</sub> or Inc # of particle near each other/correct orientation)<br> There are several factors that affect the rate of reaction including:<br> a. Nature of reactants<br> b. Temperature *Stirring (not really more of amount of reactants near each other) c. Amount of reactant near each other *Concentration *Increase surface area *Stirring d. Catalysts<br> e. Pressure<br> <br> ------- <b>a. The nature of the reactants</b><br> How the substance is bonded together plays a part. For example, ionic compounds tend to react faster since once in solution they are actual ions that rearrange very quickly. On the other hand, reaction with covalently bonded elements require their chemical bonds to be broken and then the electrons are reoriented (i.e. all following Rule of Eight) with new atoms to form new compounds etc. Therefore, this reaction with be slower requiring more time for products to be made. <br> ----- <b>b. Temperature</b><br> <br> Factor:_______________________________________________________<br> <br> More particle w/E<sub>AC</sub> / More particles near each other: ______________________<br> <br> _____________________________________________________________________________________<br> <br> EC: __________________________________________________________<br> <br> Make more products/ Inc rate:_________________________________________________________<br> <br> Stirring is not temperature change since stirring does not produce significant amount of energy<br> ----------- <br> <br> <b>c. Amount of reactant near each other </b><br> What does concentration means:____________________________________________________<br> <br> What does surface area means: ____________________________________________________<br> <br> What does stirring means: ________________________________________________________<br> <br> Factor:_______________________________________________________<br> <br> More particle w/E<sub>AC</sub> / More particles near each other: ______________________<br> <br> _____________________________________________________________________________________<br> <br> EC: __________________________________________________________<br> <br> Make more products/ Inc rate:_________________________________________________________<br> <br> ----------- <b>d. Catalyst</b><br> <br> <br> <br> <br> Factor:_______________________________________________________<br> <br> More particle w/E<sub>AC</sub> / More particles near each other: ______________________<br> <br> _____________________________________________________________________________________<br> <br> EC: __________________________________________________________<br> <br> Make more products/ Inc rate:_________________________________________________________<br> ------------ <b>e. Pressure</b><br> <br> a. Homogeneous reaction<br> <br> b. Heterogeneous reaction<br> <br> <br> Factor:_______________________________________________________<br> <br> More particle w/E<sub>AC</sub> / More particles near each other: ______________________<br> <br> _____________________________________________________________________________________<br> <br> EC: __________________________________________________________<br> <br> Make more products/ Inc rate:_________________________________________________________<br> <br> <br> <br>
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