AP Chem Unit 4 Chemical Reactions Objectives

• Topic 4.1 Introduction for Reactions
  
  • Identify evidence of chemical and physical changes in matter (Four Observation of Chemical Reaction). Also rearrangement of atoms after collision (makes chemical reaction).
    

• Topic 4.2 Net Ionic Equations
  
  • Besides balanced complete chemical reactions, complete ionic reaction (includes spectator ions), and net ionic reactions (without spectator ions) can represent a chemical reaction.

• Topic 4.3 Representations of Reactions
  
  • A substance that changes its properties, or that changes into a different substance, can be represented by chemical equations. Balanced chemical equations in their various forms can be translated into symbolic particulate representations.

• Topic 4.4 Physical and Chemical Changes
  
  • Explain the relationship between macroscopic characteristics and bond interactions for a) Chemical processes b) Physical processes. Processes that involve the breaking and/or formation of chemical bonds are typically classified as chemical processes. Processes that involve only changes in intermolecular interactions, such as phase changes, are typically classified as physical processes.

• Topic 4.5 Stoichiometry
  
  • Be able to understand what coefficients of a balance chemical reaction mean (particle, mole &volume ratios) and be able to do stoichiometric calculations (including ones combined with the ideal gas law and calculations involving molarity to quantitatively study gases and solutions.

• Topic 4.6 Introduction to Titration
  
  • Be able to calculate titration (volumetric analysis) of various system (i.e. acid-base, redox) including understanding equivalence point endpoint of indicator (or reflection in mV). Be able to use titration to standardize a solution, determine the molar mass of a substance and other volumetric analysis.

• Topic 4.7 Types of Chemical Reactions
  
  • Identify a reaction as acid- base, oxidation-reduction, or precipitation.
  • Be able to generate balanced chemical reaction for acid-base reactions including net ionic reaction & stoichiometry calculations
  • Be able to determine Oxidation number and show and determine if it is a redox reaction and what species are oxidized reduced. Oxidizing agent and reducing are not part of AP exam.
  • Be able to determine products of a precipitation reactions (including net ionic reaction) and calculate stoichiometry.
    • For solubility rules, only need to have memorizes for AP exam that All sodium, potassium, ammonium, and nitrate salts are soluble in water.

• Topic 4.8 Introduction to Acid - Base Reactions
  
  • Identify Arrhenius acid and bases
  • Identify species as Brønsted- Lowry acids, bases, and/or conjugate acid-base pairs, based on proton-transfer involving those species.
  • Lewis Definition of Acid and Base (electron pair acceptor and donor) will not be on exam

• Topic 4.9 Oxidation - Reduction (Redox) Reaction
  
  • Generate balanced redox reaction using Oxidation number method.
  • Represent a balanced redox reaction equation using half-reactions method.