AP Chemical Bonding And Organic Chemistry

• 1) Determine bond polarity between two atoms (ionic, covalent, etc).
  
• 2) Explain and to create energy diagram of a Habor cycle of an Ionic compound including Lattice Energy.
  
• 3) Determine differences in Lattice Energies of various ionic compounds and the components that determine strength of Lattice Energy.
  
• 4) Explain the differences of bond energies including number of bonds and types of elements bonding.
  
• 5) Determine the Heat of Reaction using bond energies. Remember, this difference is Reactant - Product (not like any other Thermo property that is Product - Reactant.
  
• 6) Name and explain the three different parts of the Localized Electron Theory (bonding model): 1) Lewis Dot Structure (LDS), 2) VSEPR, and 3 )Hybridization
  
• 7) Determine correct Lewis Dot Structure (LDS) for simple covalently bonded species (either molecular compounds or polyatomic ions) including memorizing of Rule of Eight (or Octet rule)
  
• 8) Know when to use Resonance structure and what they mean including "actual" structures.
  
• 9) Using a LDS, use VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) to determine the shape or geometry of the species.
• 10) Understand and utilize Formal charge rules to determine the "true" LDS structure of the various number of possible (that follow the LDS rules) structures.
  
• 11) Explain the Hybridization of central atoms including sigma and pi bonds (and which has the greatest energy.
  

• 12) Be able to explain how valence electrons and cations relate in a metallic bond.
  
• 13) Be able to explain the difference between Interstitial alloys and Substitutional alloys with respect to the particles that make these mixtures.

• 14) Name and/or write the chemical formula for all simple Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes. Also will be able to explain the bonding for each of these major families of organic compounds.
  
• 15) Name and/or write the chemical formula for the major functional groups.NOT FOR 2019-2020
  
• 16) Be able to identify and name the major isomers (both structural and geometric).
  
• 17) Need to be able to recognize organic chemical formula (i.e. CH₃- is all there H single bonded to the central C with one additional single bond of C for another element)
  
• 18) Be able to determine the number of sigma and Pi bonds for elements in organic compounds.
  
• 19) Be able to determine the hybridization of each element in an organic compounds