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Here are the answers to Questions on Notes for KMT and Thermodynamics
1. Temperature is the average kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance.
2. Law of Conservation of Energy. All energy must be accounted for before and after reaction/process.
3. Kinetic Energy, KE = 1/2*m*v2. KE is energy in movement and Potential energy (PE) is stored energy (i.e. positional energy, spring energy, chemical energy).
4. 2nd Law of Thermo says that energy/heat flow from a higher temperature body (Thb) to a lower temperature body (Tlb) until the two temperature are the same. The particles in higher temperature body have more KE so they give a little to the particles in the lower temperature body so then each has a little more or less until both have the same KE (on average).
5. The two conditions for absolute zero are 1) 0K and 2) a perfect/pure crystal/substance (therefore no Entropy).
6. Will answer later.
7. Entropy is the measure of randomness or disorder in a system. Unless you put in energy (from an outside source), all systems/processes goes to the condition of more disorder (i.e. the Entropy of the universe all increases).
8. All energy must be accounted for, how heat/energy flows, and since there is a condition of no energy (absolute zero), in all other conditions energy must be present.